Universal Education - 1508 Words

11 important Problems of Universalization of Education and their Remedies SWASTIK Universalization of Elementary Education is Constitutional directive. Education is every bodys birth-right and it is binding on any government to provide facilities for education for children who are born and reach the school-going age. It was stipulated to achieve Universalization within 10 years from the introduction of Constitution and that is by 1960. But it is now more than three decades after the scheduled time. Now the problems with certain possible remedies to solve them have been discussed as follows: (1) Faulty Policy of Government: The constitutional directive is that states shall endeavour to provide free and compulsory education to all children†¦show more content†¦The condition of Scheduled areas is still more miserable. The hilly and impassable jungle areas with very poor communication and transport facilities fail to attract the present day luxury-loving young men. Teachers shou ld be provided with proper residence in the villages of their work. The question of Women teachers is very much special. So the question of teachers quarters, residential schools, especially residential Ashram Schools in the Scheduled areas should be provided. The quality of teachers can be improved by executing a training progrmme for the untrained teachers in service on basis of study-leave basis. (6) Establishment and School Buildings: Even the Third and Fourth All India Educational Surveys indicate that even now there are lakhs of villages and habitations without schools. There are nearly 4 lakhs schoolless villages in India which are to be given schools. It is not that easy to provide necessary funds for setting up such a large number of schools with buildings and other equipments. In order to meet this problem of new buildings along with the existing schools in private houses, temples, verandah of rich persons, residence of teachers etc. should be met by construction of low cost houses of thatch or tile with local materials; looking to the weather conditions of certain places open air stands may be taken up in the ShantiNiketan pattern. All the same, the Primary schoolsShow MoreRelatedThe Education Is A Universal Rights Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages An education is a universal rights. Students should have the right to a quality public education regardless of their background. A true multicultural education ensures that all students have an equitable educational opportunity. Unfortunately, throughout public schooling many students are put through disadvantageous through no fault of their own. There have been several movements that have try to repeal the inequalities of what has occurred. Despite these advocates having good intentions, theirRead MoreEducation Is A Universal Right1249 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is a universal right. Most students find their true passion for learning in college. Taking courses that interest them and avoiding courses that don t interest them, college students find themselves in a world that is coming to an end but, it also leads to a new beginning. This is why it s very important for most students to get an education from the nation s so-called prestigious institutions. In a article written for Time Magazine, Frank Bruni writes determined to get into oneRead MoreEssay Universal Teaching for Conditional Education954 Words   |  4 Pageseducational romanticism, and teachers unions all play an equal roll in this blatant disregard for the wellbeing and future success of the students. No Child Left Behind is seen as a huge detriment to education process and neglects the students. Diane Ravitch sums up No Child Left Behind’s effect on education in her article â€Å"Diane Ravitch: Obama and No Child Left Behind†. â€Å"NCLB mandated that 100 percent of students be proficient in reading and math by 2014. Any school not on track to meet this utopianRead MoreThe Power of Universal Education Essay example775 Words   |  4 Pagesup with it. In order for students to get ahead and succeed, students must learn and study when it is time, not when the students are already out of school. In order for the students to receive the same information, students must all adopt a universal education system. That would mean a standard kindergarten to grade twelve and then post-secondary after-words. A group of people proposed an extra year of school at the cost of the tax players. The government does not agree, and everyone should supportRead MorePoverty And Hunger And Achieving Universal Primary Education Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pages Last Decade governments and high ranking officials from across the globe came together under the magnanimous principles of The Universal Declaration of Human rights giving birth to the millennium development goals.The 8 goals and 21 targets capture ambitious promises such as eradicating poverty and hunger and achieving universal primary education by 2015. (UN.org) Yet with just a few months away from the deadline this historic chapter will close in tragedy.The setting for this tragicRead MoreAchieving Universal Primary Education : Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat1044 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Issues 10 December 2015 Achieving Universal Primary Education Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat, foundress of the Society of the Sacred Heart, once said, â€Å"With the pupils... show them that you want to help them acquire a solid and pious education, enhanced by learning, and thus make them happy† (Barat). Barat made it evident that there is a huge impact as a result of education. This impact can be personal in the way that Barat described it as education making people happy to an impact on a societyRead MoreAdvantages Of Universal Primary Education1280 Words   |  6 PagesSave the Childhood Movement, an NGO founded by educator and Nobel laureate Kailash Satyarthi saved him from child labor and provided him with education. He is now doing very well in school. (1) Primary education is the basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty including reading, writing, and basic math. (2) The benefits of such basic education include reduction of poverty, increase in income, healthier living, boost in economic growth, reduction in fertility rates, reduction in childRead MoreI Support A Bill For Universal Pre Kindergarten Education2753 Words   |  12 PagesCommunity Psychology Final Exam By: Kyle Dise 1. Would you support a bill for universal pre-Kindergarten education? Draw on research discussed in class and in your textbook to provide evidence for your perspective. Education is an influential and impactful topic that is always a subject on the minds of the public and for politicians. I believe that education would have an overall beneficial component because when more people are educated in a â€Å"book-self† and â€Å"street-self manner,† they are moreRead MoreHillbilly Elegy Memoir1371 Words   |  6 Pagesreveal a truth about the author. Oftentimes, said truth is revealed intentionally. Universal truths such as struggle, endurance, and agony help authors influence their audiences. These truths cause the readers to become cognizant of and appreciate the authors. It is a writer’s duty to write from the heart—to write about the good and bad sides of a story. Annie Dillard’s An American Childhood fails to use universal truths and instead presents a very superficial presentation of its author’s life. JRead MoreLanguage Acquisition : What Is Encompassed By The Phrase Meaning Making Within Early Childhoo d? Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of adults. Skinners theory would be a slow process and require careful shaping. Messer (2000) argues that because babies have not yet had any formal education and are very young to learn a language so quickly. Chomsky’s contemporary theory is a natural process and his research shows that children are born with an innate universal grammar called Language Acquisition Device (LAD), (cited in Lund, (2003) p.57). His research takes into consideration that the adult language is so complex and

Why The 1981 Failed At Reforming Social Security Under The...

The reasons why the 1981 attempt at reforming Social Security under the Reagan administration failed, as detailed in Chapter 8 of Martha Derthick and Steven M Teles’ The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and its Legacies, boils down to the following factors: it did not have a clear goal in mind about Social Security reform (Derthick, Teles 187), it had a poor working relationship with Congress on the issue (Derthick, Teles 185), and leadership, on part of the president, was lacking (Derthick, Teles 192). In contrast, the attempt at reforming welfare in the 90s, as chronicled in Chapter 4 of Gary Bryner’s The Great American Welfare Reform Debate Politics and Public Morality, was successful because the Clinton administration worked†¦show more content†¦Those who have paid into the system expect to get their money back when they retire, which makes cutting benefits politically hazardous and explains, in part, why the Reagan Administration’s attempt at reforming Social Security failed. Social Security was facing insolvency if steps were not taken to resolve the gap between benefits going out and tax receipts being collected (Derthick, Teles 183). This prompted many actors in the political sphere to take part in the reform effort. The most influential actors in this process were Office of Management and Budget director David Stockman, Speaker of the House Tip O’Neill, President Reagan, Congress, and the Department of Health and Human Services. As a political actor, David Stockman was not too interested in the possible political repercussions of Social Security reform. Instead, he was mainly focused on the budget cutting aspect of reform, irrespective of Congress’ reaction. Stockman was the main proponent of the administration’s Social Security reform proposal sent to Congress that had â€Å"deep and immediate cuts in benefits for early retirees† (Derthick, Teles, 184). When Congress saw this proposal, they quickly disowned it (Derthick, Teles, 184). Speaker of the House Tip O’ Neill used this reform proposal and its ensuing rebuff from Congress to his political advantage; as a result, Democrats would forever â€Å"portray

Social Capital Free Essays

In recent decades, many social scientists have drawn attention to the importance of â€Å"social capital. † Social capital is meant to capture the value, economic and otherwise, that comes from social networks, through which people frequently interact with one another. But what if social capital ends up contributing to the rise of extreme movements, including fascism? It is well-established that individuals and societies can gain a great deal from civic institutions, such as parent-teacher associations, athletic leagues, churches and music clubs. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Capital or any similar topic only for you Order Now High levels of social capital have been associated with numerous social benefits, including improvements in health, promise-keeping, trust, altruism, compliance with the law, child welfare and individual happiness. Harvard University political scientist Robert Putnam has done a great deal to explore the beneficial effects of social capital. In his book â€Å"Bowling Alone,† he documented what he saw as its decline in the U. S. , connecting that decline with a wide range of social problems. Pointing to research by Putnam and others, many people have argued that the U. S. and other nations should make a sustained effort to measure and increase social capital, with particular attention to civic associations that help to generate it. At the same time, social capital can have a dark side. If people are in a social network whose members are interested in committing crimes, the existence of social capital will promote criminal activity. A fascinating recent study called â€Å"Bowling for Fascism† goes much further: It shows that the rise of Nazism was greatly facilitated by unusually high levels of social capital in Weimar Germany. The research offers an important and novel perspective on Adolf Hitler’s ascension to power. And by identifying conditions that help to spread extremism, it also offers significant lessons for the present, including the risk of terrorism. The study, conducted by New York University’s Shanker Satyanath and his co-authors, is based on a wide range of original materials, including Nazi Party membership lists and hand-collected data from 112 German towns. The central question: Who was most likely to join the Nazi Party? In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Germany had an exceptionally vibrant civil society that included clubs involved in hiking, animal breeding, shooting, gymnastics, bowling, fire fighting and singing. The authors’ principal finding is that in cities with dense networks of clubs and associations, Germans were far more likely to join the Nazi Party. In their words, â€Å"a dense fabric of civic associations went hand-in-hand with a more rapid rise of Nazi party membership. † It could be suggested that some independent factor, such as socioeconomic status or religion, accounts both for associational activity and for willingness to join the Nazi Party. But that suggestion is inconsistent with the evidence. Even if we control for these and other variables, a dense network of civic associations is correlated with significantly higher rates of entry into the Nazi Party. This finding undermines the view, held by some, that the Nazi Party succeeded by appealing to people who were socially isolated and that Hitler was able to draw support largely from the lonely and the rootless. But this evidence strongly suggests otherwise. Nazism spread in part as a result of face-to-face interactions by people who were in frequent contact with one another. Consider the chilling remarks of a Nazi Party member who recalled his growing acquaintance â€Å"with a colleague of my own age with whom I had frequent conversations. He was a calm, quiet person whom I esteemed very highly. When I found out that he was one of the local leaders of the National Socialist party, my opinion of it as a group of criminals changed completely. † The authors’ central findings fit well with emerging research on the immense importance of social influences on individual behavior. With respect to music, political convictions, voting and food, we constantly learn from others. Like-minded people tend to go to extremes, in large part because they learn from each other. Within nations and around the world, modern social media connect disparate people and hence build social capital, intensifying social influences on thought and behavior. For the current period, there is a straightforward lesson. Individuals and nations generally benefit from large numbers of private associations, including sports clubs, religious groups and parent-teacher associations. But in some nations, dense social networks also increase people’s vulnerability to extremism. A great deal of work suggests that terrorism itself can arise not because people are isolated, poor or badly educated, but because they are part of tightly knit networks in which hateful ideas travel quickly. No one should doubt that private associations are desirable and valuable, and that they can produce a dazzling range of social goods, including checks on the power of government. But Satyanath and his co-authors reveal another possibility: that such associations can facilitate the spread of extremism, ultimately laying the groundwork for serious challenges to democracy itself. How to cite Social Capital, Papers

Organizational Development And Change †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Development And Change. Answer: Introduction The essay highlights on the critical evaluation of two different change tools for their effectiveness in a manufacturing and a service Company. The manufacturing and the service company that is chosen for this study are Apple and Centre Bank that is headquartered in USA. The two change tools that are selected for evaluation are TQM (Total Quality Management) and the learning organization. Organizational change refers to the procedure in which the firm changes its strategies, technologies, structure and operational method to impact change within the company and effects of changes on the company (Anderson 2012). The organizational change might occur for distinct time period. This change in the organization has huge significance as it helps in building competition and enhances their growth. In addition, organizational change also permits the employees to investigate new opportunities, learn to develop skills and exercise creativity in varied ways that benefits the companies through inc reased commitment and new ideas. TQM change tools facilitate the companies to recognize, analyze and examine both qualitative as well as quantitative data in relation to business. The learning organization as change tools helps learning of the workers so that the companies can transform itself (Anderson 2016). It mainly develops owing to pressures facing the present organizations as well as enables them for remaining competitive in business environment. The scope of this essay is to elucidate on the significance of change tools on the organization. TQM as change tool and its working TQM refers to themanagement philosophy that seeks to amalgamate all the functions of organization including- marketing, design, customers service, finance and total production etc to concentrate on meeting the requirements of customers and the organizational objectives. It is basically concerned with improvement in work that ranges from high strategic planning level and decision making to the execution of job elements. The organizations implement TQM for managing quality, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. The primary step in the implementation of TQM is to examine the present reality of the organization. They use TQM as strategy for instituting it at the business level for having the desired effect. This change tool works for improving the quality of goods and service and processes of operation (Shani, Pasmore and Woodman 2012). In the TQM effort, the staffs of the companies also participate to improve the culture in workplace. TQM works in the companies bas ed on some principles that includes- total involvement of employee Process centered- The fundamental part of TQM basically focuses on the process thinking. In this process, the inputs are taken from suppliers and then transforms it into output , which are delivered to customers. Communication- This involves strategies and method used for motivating the employees at every level. These elements are vital for TQM that several companies define them as core principles at which they operates (Goetsch, David L and Stanley 2014). Integrated system- Although the companies consist of numerous functional specialists organized into departments structured vertically, it is the horizontal procedure interlinking these functions that becomes the focus of TQM. Strategic approach- The approach usually includes formulation of the strategic plan, which amalgamates quality as basic component. The learning organization as change tool and its working The learning organization as change tools has been commonly hailed as panacea for the success of company in the dynamic economy. This tool aims to bring about innovative methods, new ideas and debate issues. The implementation of this tool helps to enhance the change pace within the company. It also helps them to improve the organizations image by helping them to become more customer oriented (Santos-Vijande et al. 2012). The learning organization is mainly characterized by involvement of total workers in the process of collectively accountable variation that is directed towards shared principles. This change tool foster environment in which the individuals create the outcome that they desires. The main characteristics of the learning organization upon which it works includes- companys structure, Culture- The learning organizational change tool works on strong culture, which promotes openness and creativity among the members. HR (human resource) practice- This change tool works according to HR practice that focuses on the provision of individual learning. This also facilitates in motivating the employees within the organization and improves their performance. Leadership- The learning organization tool mainly depends on effectual leadership. The leaders of the company models openness, communicate vision of this change tool and provide empathy that is required to lead other individuals towards it. Information system-The learning organization tool needs the information system for controlling the business operations and improves practices. Similarity and difference between Apple and Centre Bank The Centre Bank is locally owned community bank that is headquartered in USA. The service provided by this bank includes- relationship banking, decision- making locally, involvement of community and local ownership. The main features of this bank are providing exceptional service and products to the customers with reasonable fees. Being the community bank, they are mainly obsessed with consumer service, having best workers and taking care of their staffs. This bank has developed over the last few decades through successful implementation of TQM principles in the banking industry. Apple Inc is the biggest American multinational software and electronics organization headquartered in California. This organization has become the leader in technology sector by producing price worthy goods that possess huge value in account of technological design. The hardware products produced by this company includes iPhone smartphone, iPad tablet, watches, TV, iPod etc. In addition, this company also p roduces software products such as- macOS, iOS operating systems, Web browser etc. The products manufactured by this company are sold globally through their online stores, resellers and wholesalers. In the recent decades, this entity focuses on the expanding their business through utilization of advanced concepts of design and reengineering of products. The similarity between these two companies is to provide total quality service to their customers. These companies analyze their customers requirement in order to provide better service and manufacture product based on this. On the contrary, the difference between these two organizations is the implementation of change management tool within the business. This means that the strategy formulation by these two organizations differs from each other (Cummings, Thomas and Christopher 2014). Application of TQM on the Apple Inc This company applies integrated team work for improving their objectives including quality, timeliness and cost. They ensures steadiness in product delivery in line with specification of design, quality of product, launch process etc. TQM is based not only on features of product but also on consumer satisfaction and service level provided by them. It also involves both the external as well as internal staffs to supply chain for meeting their consumer needs at lowest cost. This organization adopts TQM with the support as well as commitment from theirmanagement by upholding consumer centric focus on their products, processes and services (Oakland 2014). The management of Apple ensures that their decisions in business comply with laws and regulations. Even their adaptive design also works for their competitive environment that demands flexibility to deal with changing circumstances (Kim et al. 2012). Moreover, this entity does their business in safe working situations, treats their work ers with respect and also utilizes environmentally responsible production process. They also encourage internal teamwork within the organization for achieving TQM as well as competitive advantage against their rivals. In fact, they also formulate strategies in different section by focusing on their customers requirements. One shortcoming that occurs for application of TQM in Apple is that at times there occurs miscommunication gap between the managers and team, which in turn creates fear among employees. However, this lowers morale of the employees and total productivity in business. Application of TQM on the Centre Bank of USA The Centre Bank provides quality service through three ways that includes- Providing high level training to their employees Analyzing the requirements of customers Developing measurement systems for attaining regular feedback One of the strategies applied by this company is provide training to the employees so that they can deliver quality service. They provide non- traditional training to their employees in which the branch managers mentor their employees. The managers coach their consumer service representatives as well as tellers after being coached by the supervisors. Their coaching program also involves videotaping participants during their role play. During these sessions, these employees learn about process of interaction with their customers for determining their financial requirements. In fact, during this interaction they pay special attention to the voice tone, attitude and facial expression of their customers (Bon, Abdul Talib and Esam 2013). Themanagement of this bank also analyzes the requirement of customers through this process in order to deliver high quality service to them. This bank also adopts effective methods of gathering customers feedback in order to improve their service. This in turn helps to satisfy their customers and attain good reputation. As quality service arises from leadership, this bank strategizes to introduce leaders to help their employees make spot decisions regarding customers interest (Carter et al. 2012). One shortcoming of TQM application in this bank that occurs is production disruption. As the bank provides training to some of their employees, it reduces productivity and puts workload pressures on other employees. In addition, this also reduces the total output of other employees working in this bank. Application of learning organizational tool on Apple The learning organization mainly requires knowledge management for supporting distribution of knowledge and learning. As this learning organization occurs at higher level, it involves higher knowledge management (Rasula et al. 2012). Every organization requires both knowledge management and the learning organization in order to succeed in competitive marketplace. The linkage between this change tool and knowledge management help in creating new ideas for adapting to changes in organization. Apple encourages their employees to create new ideas and let them learn from their experience in order to be successful. Although they face several failures or mistakes in their product line, they continue to innovate new ideas in product. Moreover, they learn from this failure and improve it while manufacturing next product. This company also utilizes best practice in this change tool in order to understand which strategy is success and failure. This in turn helps them to have new idea for creati ng the product. The shortcoming that arises in this case is that few products of Apple did not achieve success in the market due to implementation of new ideas in products. Application of learning organization on the Centre Bank This bank in USA applies team learning in which this change tool and global functions in business is integrated under same roof. Through this change tool the bank make the decision relative to customer service and this bank. Moreover, the managers of this bank have the responsibility to implement this change tool within all divisions (Jacobs et al. 2013). The individuals within the bank have given the permission to share their vision with other staffs for creating the commitment sense to long term. In addition, this bank involves the staffs at all levels who have the capability of personal mastery for implementing this change tool. This learning organizational change tool aids personal mastery through creation of environment favorable to individual pursuits. However, this tool helped this bank to gain competitive advantage against their rivals. Conclusion The conclusion that can be drawn from the above study is that implementation of change tool impacts both positively and negatively to the organization. There are some of the vital factors that influences success or failure of the companies, which includes- lack of proper plan, poor management during the change procedure, mismatch between the entitys context and change plan. Most of the organization around the globe learns lessons from their failure and manufactures product with higher quality as well as provides better services to their customers. Moreover, effective implementation of TQM and the learning organization change tool helps both the manufacturing and service companies to enhance their productivity and maximize profitability level. This change tool also aids the companies to improve their financial performance and attain good reputation in the competitive market. References Anderson, Donald L.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications, 2016. Anderson, Donald L. 2012.Cases And Exercises In Organization Development Change. Los Angeles: Sage. Argote, Linda.Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Benn, Suzanne, Dexter Dunphy, and Andrew Griffiths.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge, 2014. Bon, Abdul Talib, and Esam MA Mustafa. "Impact of total quality management on innovation in service organizations: Literature review and new conceptual framework."Procedia Engineering53 (2013): 516-529. Burke, W. Warner.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications, 2017. Burke, W. Warner, and Debra A. Noumair.Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press, 2015. Carter, Louis, Dave Ulrich, and Marshall Goldsmith, eds.Best practices in leadership development and organization change: How the best companies ensure meaningful change and sustainable leadership. Vol. 18. John Wiley Sons, 2012. Cummings, Thomas G., and Christopher G. Worley.Organization development and change. Cengage learning, 2014. Fugate, Mel, Gregory E. Prussia, and Angelo J. Kinicki. "Managing employee withdrawal during organizational change: The role of threat appraisal."Journal of Management38, no. 3 (2012): 890-914. Goetsch, David L., and Stanley B. Davis.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson, 2014. Jacobs, Gabriele, Arjen van Witteloostuijn, and Jochen Christe-Zeyse. "A theoretical framework of organizational change."Journal of Organizational Change Management26, no. 5 (2013): 772-792. Kim, Dong-Young, Vinod Kumar, and Uma Kumar. "Relationship between quality management practices and innovation."Journal of operations management30, no. 4 (2012): 295-315. Oakland, John S.Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge, 2014. Rasula, Jelena, Vesna Bosilj Vuksic, and Mojca Indihar Stemberger. "The impact of knowledge management on organisational performance."Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe14, no. 2 (2012): 147. Santos-Vijande, Mara Leticia, Jos ngel Lpez-Snchez, and Juan Antonio Trespalacios. "How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance."Journal of Business Research65, no. 8 (2012): 1079-1089. Shani, Abraham B. (Rami), William A Pasmore, and Richard W Woodman. 2012.Research In Organizational Change And Development. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Valmohammadi, Changiz, and Shervin Roshanzamir. "The guidelines of improvement: Relations among organizational culture, TQM and performance."International Journal of Production Economics164 (2015): 167-178.