Universal Education - 1508 Words

11 important Problems of Universalization of Education and their Remedies SWASTIK Universalization of Elementary Education is Constitutional directive. Education is every bodys birth-right and it is binding on any government to provide facilities for education for children who are born and reach the school-going age. It was stipulated to achieve Universalization within 10 years from the introduction of Constitution and that is by 1960. But it is now more than three decades after the scheduled time. Now the problems with certain possible remedies to solve them have been discussed as follows: (1) Faulty Policy of Government: The constitutional directive is that states shall endeavour to provide free and compulsory education to all children†¦show more content†¦The condition of Scheduled areas is still more miserable. The hilly and impassable jungle areas with very poor communication and transport facilities fail to attract the present day luxury-loving young men. Teachers shou ld be provided with proper residence in the villages of their work. The question of Women teachers is very much special. So the question of teachers quarters, residential schools, especially residential Ashram Schools in the Scheduled areas should be provided. The quality of teachers can be improved by executing a training progrmme for the untrained teachers in service on basis of study-leave basis. (6) Establishment and School Buildings: Even the Third and Fourth All India Educational Surveys indicate that even now there are lakhs of villages and habitations without schools. There are nearly 4 lakhs schoolless villages in India which are to be given schools. It is not that easy to provide necessary funds for setting up such a large number of schools with buildings and other equipments. In order to meet this problem of new buildings along with the existing schools in private houses, temples, verandah of rich persons, residence of teachers etc. should be met by construction of low cost houses of thatch or tile with local materials; looking to the weather conditions of certain places open air stands may be taken up in the ShantiNiketan pattern. All the same, the Primary schoolsShow MoreRelatedThe Education Is A Universal Rights Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages An education is a universal rights. Students should have the right to a quality public education regardless of their background. A true multicultural education ensures that all students have an equitable educational opportunity. Unfortunately, throughout public schooling many students are put through disadvantageous through no fault of their own. There have been several movements that have try to repeal the inequalities of what has occurred. Despite these advocates having good intentions, theirRead MoreEducation Is A Universal Right1249 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is a universal right. Most students find their true passion for learning in college. Taking courses that interest them and avoiding courses that don t interest them, college students find themselves in a world that is coming to an end but, it also leads to a new beginning. This is why it s very important for most students to get an education from the nation s so-called prestigious institutions. In a article written for Time Magazine, Frank Bruni writes determined to get into oneRead MoreEssay Universal Teaching for Conditional Education954 Words   |  4 Pageseducational romanticism, and teachers unions all play an equal roll in this blatant disregard for the wellbeing and future success of the students. No Child Left Behind is seen as a huge detriment to education process and neglects the students. Diane Ravitch sums up No Child Left Behind’s effect on education in her article â€Å"Diane Ravitch: Obama and No Child Left Behind†. â€Å"NCLB mandated that 100 percent of students be proficient in reading and math by 2014. Any school not on track to meet this utopianRead MoreThe Power of Universal Education Essay example775 Words   |  4 Pagesup with it. In order for students to get ahead and succeed, students must learn and study when it is time, not when the students are already out of school. In order for the students to receive the same information, students must all adopt a universal education system. That would mean a standard kindergarten to grade twelve and then post-secondary after-words. A group of people proposed an extra year of school at the cost of the tax players. The government does not agree, and everyone should supportRead MorePoverty And Hunger And Achieving Universal Primary Education Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pages Last Decade governments and high ranking officials from across the globe came together under the magnanimous principles of The Universal Declaration of Human rights giving birth to the millennium development goals.The 8 goals and 21 targets capture ambitious promises such as eradicating poverty and hunger and achieving universal primary education by 2015. (UN.org) Yet with just a few months away from the deadline this historic chapter will close in tragedy.The setting for this tragicRead MoreAchieving Universal Primary Education : Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat1044 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Issues 10 December 2015 Achieving Universal Primary Education Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat, foundress of the Society of the Sacred Heart, once said, â€Å"With the pupils... show them that you want to help them acquire a solid and pious education, enhanced by learning, and thus make them happy† (Barat). Barat made it evident that there is a huge impact as a result of education. This impact can be personal in the way that Barat described it as education making people happy to an impact on a societyRead MoreAdvantages Of Universal Primary Education1280 Words   |  6 PagesSave the Childhood Movement, an NGO founded by educator and Nobel laureate Kailash Satyarthi saved him from child labor and provided him with education. He is now doing very well in school. (1) Primary education is the basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty including reading, writing, and basic math. (2) The benefits of such basic education include reduction of poverty, increase in income, healthier living, boost in economic growth, reduction in fertility rates, reduction in childRead MoreI Support A Bill For Universal Pre Kindergarten Education2753 Words   |  12 PagesCommunity Psychology Final Exam By: Kyle Dise 1. Would you support a bill for universal pre-Kindergarten education? Draw on research discussed in class and in your textbook to provide evidence for your perspective. Education is an influential and impactful topic that is always a subject on the minds of the public and for politicians. I believe that education would have an overall beneficial component because when more people are educated in a â€Å"book-self† and â€Å"street-self manner,† they are moreRead MoreHillbilly Elegy Memoir1371 Words   |  6 Pagesreveal a truth about the author. Oftentimes, said truth is revealed intentionally. Universal truths such as struggle, endurance, and agony help authors influence their audiences. These truths cause the readers to become cognizant of and appreciate the authors. It is a writer’s duty to write from the heart—to write about the good and bad sides of a story. Annie Dillard’s An American Childhood fails to use universal truths and instead presents a very superficial presentation of its author’s life. JRead MoreLanguage Acquisition : What Is Encompassed By The Phrase Meaning Making Within Early Childhoo d? Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of adults. Skinners theory would be a slow process and require careful shaping. Messer (2000) argues that because babies have not yet had any formal education and are very young to learn a language so quickly. Chomsky’s contemporary theory is a natural process and his research shows that children are born with an innate universal grammar called Language Acquisition Device (LAD), (cited in Lund, (2003) p.57). His research takes into consideration that the adult language is so complex and

Why The 1981 Failed At Reforming Social Security Under The...

The reasons why the 1981 attempt at reforming Social Security under the Reagan administration failed, as detailed in Chapter 8 of Martha Derthick and Steven M Teles’ The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and its Legacies, boils down to the following factors: it did not have a clear goal in mind about Social Security reform (Derthick, Teles 187), it had a poor working relationship with Congress on the issue (Derthick, Teles 185), and leadership, on part of the president, was lacking (Derthick, Teles 192). In contrast, the attempt at reforming welfare in the 90s, as chronicled in Chapter 4 of Gary Bryner’s The Great American Welfare Reform Debate Politics and Public Morality, was successful because the Clinton administration worked†¦show more content†¦Those who have paid into the system expect to get their money back when they retire, which makes cutting benefits politically hazardous and explains, in part, why the Reagan Administration’s attempt at reforming Social Security failed. Social Security was facing insolvency if steps were not taken to resolve the gap between benefits going out and tax receipts being collected (Derthick, Teles 183). This prompted many actors in the political sphere to take part in the reform effort. The most influential actors in this process were Office of Management and Budget director David Stockman, Speaker of the House Tip O’Neill, President Reagan, Congress, and the Department of Health and Human Services. As a political actor, David Stockman was not too interested in the possible political repercussions of Social Security reform. Instead, he was mainly focused on the budget cutting aspect of reform, irrespective of Congress’ reaction. Stockman was the main proponent of the administration’s Social Security reform proposal sent to Congress that had â€Å"deep and immediate cuts in benefits for early retirees† (Derthick, Teles, 184). When Congress saw this proposal, they quickly disowned it (Derthick, Teles, 184). Speaker of the House Tip O’ Neill used this reform proposal and its ensuing rebuff from Congress to his political advantage; as a result, Democrats would forever â€Å"portray

Social Capital Free Essays

In recent decades, many social scientists have drawn attention to the importance of â€Å"social capital. † Social capital is meant to capture the value, economic and otherwise, that comes from social networks, through which people frequently interact with one another. But what if social capital ends up contributing to the rise of extreme movements, including fascism? It is well-established that individuals and societies can gain a great deal from civic institutions, such as parent-teacher associations, athletic leagues, churches and music clubs. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Capital or any similar topic only for you Order Now High levels of social capital have been associated with numerous social benefits, including improvements in health, promise-keeping, trust, altruism, compliance with the law, child welfare and individual happiness. Harvard University political scientist Robert Putnam has done a great deal to explore the beneficial effects of social capital. In his book â€Å"Bowling Alone,† he documented what he saw as its decline in the U. S. , connecting that decline with a wide range of social problems. Pointing to research by Putnam and others, many people have argued that the U. S. and other nations should make a sustained effort to measure and increase social capital, with particular attention to civic associations that help to generate it. At the same time, social capital can have a dark side. If people are in a social network whose members are interested in committing crimes, the existence of social capital will promote criminal activity. A fascinating recent study called â€Å"Bowling for Fascism† goes much further: It shows that the rise of Nazism was greatly facilitated by unusually high levels of social capital in Weimar Germany. The research offers an important and novel perspective on Adolf Hitler’s ascension to power. And by identifying conditions that help to spread extremism, it also offers significant lessons for the present, including the risk of terrorism. The study, conducted by New York University’s Shanker Satyanath and his co-authors, is based on a wide range of original materials, including Nazi Party membership lists and hand-collected data from 112 German towns. The central question: Who was most likely to join the Nazi Party? In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Germany had an exceptionally vibrant civil society that included clubs involved in hiking, animal breeding, shooting, gymnastics, bowling, fire fighting and singing. The authors’ principal finding is that in cities with dense networks of clubs and associations, Germans were far more likely to join the Nazi Party. In their words, â€Å"a dense fabric of civic associations went hand-in-hand with a more rapid rise of Nazi party membership. † It could be suggested that some independent factor, such as socioeconomic status or religion, accounts both for associational activity and for willingness to join the Nazi Party. But that suggestion is inconsistent with the evidence. Even if we control for these and other variables, a dense network of civic associations is correlated with significantly higher rates of entry into the Nazi Party. This finding undermines the view, held by some, that the Nazi Party succeeded by appealing to people who were socially isolated and that Hitler was able to draw support largely from the lonely and the rootless. But this evidence strongly suggests otherwise. Nazism spread in part as a result of face-to-face interactions by people who were in frequent contact with one another. Consider the chilling remarks of a Nazi Party member who recalled his growing acquaintance â€Å"with a colleague of my own age with whom I had frequent conversations. He was a calm, quiet person whom I esteemed very highly. When I found out that he was one of the local leaders of the National Socialist party, my opinion of it as a group of criminals changed completely. † The authors’ central findings fit well with emerging research on the immense importance of social influences on individual behavior. With respect to music, political convictions, voting and food, we constantly learn from others. Like-minded people tend to go to extremes, in large part because they learn from each other. Within nations and around the world, modern social media connect disparate people and hence build social capital, intensifying social influences on thought and behavior. For the current period, there is a straightforward lesson. Individuals and nations generally benefit from large numbers of private associations, including sports clubs, religious groups and parent-teacher associations. But in some nations, dense social networks also increase people’s vulnerability to extremism. A great deal of work suggests that terrorism itself can arise not because people are isolated, poor or badly educated, but because they are part of tightly knit networks in which hateful ideas travel quickly. No one should doubt that private associations are desirable and valuable, and that they can produce a dazzling range of social goods, including checks on the power of government. But Satyanath and his co-authors reveal another possibility: that such associations can facilitate the spread of extremism, ultimately laying the groundwork for serious challenges to democracy itself. How to cite Social Capital, Papers

Organizational Development And Change †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Development And Change. Answer: Introduction The essay highlights on the critical evaluation of two different change tools for their effectiveness in a manufacturing and a service Company. The manufacturing and the service company that is chosen for this study are Apple and Centre Bank that is headquartered in USA. The two change tools that are selected for evaluation are TQM (Total Quality Management) and the learning organization. Organizational change refers to the procedure in which the firm changes its strategies, technologies, structure and operational method to impact change within the company and effects of changes on the company (Anderson 2012). The organizational change might occur for distinct time period. This change in the organization has huge significance as it helps in building competition and enhances their growth. In addition, organizational change also permits the employees to investigate new opportunities, learn to develop skills and exercise creativity in varied ways that benefits the companies through inc reased commitment and new ideas. TQM change tools facilitate the companies to recognize, analyze and examine both qualitative as well as quantitative data in relation to business. The learning organization as change tools helps learning of the workers so that the companies can transform itself (Anderson 2016). It mainly develops owing to pressures facing the present organizations as well as enables them for remaining competitive in business environment. The scope of this essay is to elucidate on the significance of change tools on the organization. TQM as change tool and its working TQM refers to themanagement philosophy that seeks to amalgamate all the functions of organization including- marketing, design, customers service, finance and total production etc to concentrate on meeting the requirements of customers and the organizational objectives. It is basically concerned with improvement in work that ranges from high strategic planning level and decision making to the execution of job elements. The organizations implement TQM for managing quality, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. The primary step in the implementation of TQM is to examine the present reality of the organization. They use TQM as strategy for instituting it at the business level for having the desired effect. This change tool works for improving the quality of goods and service and processes of operation (Shani, Pasmore and Woodman 2012). In the TQM effort, the staffs of the companies also participate to improve the culture in workplace. TQM works in the companies bas ed on some principles that includes- total involvement of employee Process centered- The fundamental part of TQM basically focuses on the process thinking. In this process, the inputs are taken from suppliers and then transforms it into output , which are delivered to customers. Communication- This involves strategies and method used for motivating the employees at every level. These elements are vital for TQM that several companies define them as core principles at which they operates (Goetsch, David L and Stanley 2014). Integrated system- Although the companies consist of numerous functional specialists organized into departments structured vertically, it is the horizontal procedure interlinking these functions that becomes the focus of TQM. Strategic approach- The approach usually includes formulation of the strategic plan, which amalgamates quality as basic component. The learning organization as change tool and its working The learning organization as change tools has been commonly hailed as panacea for the success of company in the dynamic economy. This tool aims to bring about innovative methods, new ideas and debate issues. The implementation of this tool helps to enhance the change pace within the company. It also helps them to improve the organizations image by helping them to become more customer oriented (Santos-Vijande et al. 2012). The learning organization is mainly characterized by involvement of total workers in the process of collectively accountable variation that is directed towards shared principles. This change tool foster environment in which the individuals create the outcome that they desires. The main characteristics of the learning organization upon which it works includes- companys structure, Culture- The learning organizational change tool works on strong culture, which promotes openness and creativity among the members. HR (human resource) practice- This change tool works according to HR practice that focuses on the provision of individual learning. This also facilitates in motivating the employees within the organization and improves their performance. Leadership- The learning organization tool mainly depends on effectual leadership. The leaders of the company models openness, communicate vision of this change tool and provide empathy that is required to lead other individuals towards it. Information system-The learning organization tool needs the information system for controlling the business operations and improves practices. Similarity and difference between Apple and Centre Bank The Centre Bank is locally owned community bank that is headquartered in USA. The service provided by this bank includes- relationship banking, decision- making locally, involvement of community and local ownership. The main features of this bank are providing exceptional service and products to the customers with reasonable fees. Being the community bank, they are mainly obsessed with consumer service, having best workers and taking care of their staffs. This bank has developed over the last few decades through successful implementation of TQM principles in the banking industry. Apple Inc is the biggest American multinational software and electronics organization headquartered in California. This organization has become the leader in technology sector by producing price worthy goods that possess huge value in account of technological design. The hardware products produced by this company includes iPhone smartphone, iPad tablet, watches, TV, iPod etc. In addition, this company also p roduces software products such as- macOS, iOS operating systems, Web browser etc. The products manufactured by this company are sold globally through their online stores, resellers and wholesalers. In the recent decades, this entity focuses on the expanding their business through utilization of advanced concepts of design and reengineering of products. The similarity between these two companies is to provide total quality service to their customers. These companies analyze their customers requirement in order to provide better service and manufacture product based on this. On the contrary, the difference between these two organizations is the implementation of change management tool within the business. This means that the strategy formulation by these two organizations differs from each other (Cummings, Thomas and Christopher 2014). Application of TQM on the Apple Inc This company applies integrated team work for improving their objectives including quality, timeliness and cost. They ensures steadiness in product delivery in line with specification of design, quality of product, launch process etc. TQM is based not only on features of product but also on consumer satisfaction and service level provided by them. It also involves both the external as well as internal staffs to supply chain for meeting their consumer needs at lowest cost. This organization adopts TQM with the support as well as commitment from theirmanagement by upholding consumer centric focus on their products, processes and services (Oakland 2014). The management of Apple ensures that their decisions in business comply with laws and regulations. Even their adaptive design also works for their competitive environment that demands flexibility to deal with changing circumstances (Kim et al. 2012). Moreover, this entity does their business in safe working situations, treats their work ers with respect and also utilizes environmentally responsible production process. They also encourage internal teamwork within the organization for achieving TQM as well as competitive advantage against their rivals. In fact, they also formulate strategies in different section by focusing on their customers requirements. One shortcoming that occurs for application of TQM in Apple is that at times there occurs miscommunication gap between the managers and team, which in turn creates fear among employees. However, this lowers morale of the employees and total productivity in business. Application of TQM on the Centre Bank of USA The Centre Bank provides quality service through three ways that includes- Providing high level training to their employees Analyzing the requirements of customers Developing measurement systems for attaining regular feedback One of the strategies applied by this company is provide training to the employees so that they can deliver quality service. They provide non- traditional training to their employees in which the branch managers mentor their employees. The managers coach their consumer service representatives as well as tellers after being coached by the supervisors. Their coaching program also involves videotaping participants during their role play. During these sessions, these employees learn about process of interaction with their customers for determining their financial requirements. In fact, during this interaction they pay special attention to the voice tone, attitude and facial expression of their customers (Bon, Abdul Talib and Esam 2013). Themanagement of this bank also analyzes the requirement of customers through this process in order to deliver high quality service to them. This bank also adopts effective methods of gathering customers feedback in order to improve their service. This in turn helps to satisfy their customers and attain good reputation. As quality service arises from leadership, this bank strategizes to introduce leaders to help their employees make spot decisions regarding customers interest (Carter et al. 2012). One shortcoming of TQM application in this bank that occurs is production disruption. As the bank provides training to some of their employees, it reduces productivity and puts workload pressures on other employees. In addition, this also reduces the total output of other employees working in this bank. Application of learning organizational tool on Apple The learning organization mainly requires knowledge management for supporting distribution of knowledge and learning. As this learning organization occurs at higher level, it involves higher knowledge management (Rasula et al. 2012). Every organization requires both knowledge management and the learning organization in order to succeed in competitive marketplace. The linkage between this change tool and knowledge management help in creating new ideas for adapting to changes in organization. Apple encourages their employees to create new ideas and let them learn from their experience in order to be successful. Although they face several failures or mistakes in their product line, they continue to innovate new ideas in product. Moreover, they learn from this failure and improve it while manufacturing next product. This company also utilizes best practice in this change tool in order to understand which strategy is success and failure. This in turn helps them to have new idea for creati ng the product. The shortcoming that arises in this case is that few products of Apple did not achieve success in the market due to implementation of new ideas in products. Application of learning organization on the Centre Bank This bank in USA applies team learning in which this change tool and global functions in business is integrated under same roof. Through this change tool the bank make the decision relative to customer service and this bank. Moreover, the managers of this bank have the responsibility to implement this change tool within all divisions (Jacobs et al. 2013). The individuals within the bank have given the permission to share their vision with other staffs for creating the commitment sense to long term. In addition, this bank involves the staffs at all levels who have the capability of personal mastery for implementing this change tool. This learning organizational change tool aids personal mastery through creation of environment favorable to individual pursuits. However, this tool helped this bank to gain competitive advantage against their rivals. Conclusion The conclusion that can be drawn from the above study is that implementation of change tool impacts both positively and negatively to the organization. There are some of the vital factors that influences success or failure of the companies, which includes- lack of proper plan, poor management during the change procedure, mismatch between the entitys context and change plan. Most of the organization around the globe learns lessons from their failure and manufactures product with higher quality as well as provides better services to their customers. Moreover, effective implementation of TQM and the learning organization change tool helps both the manufacturing and service companies to enhance their productivity and maximize profitability level. This change tool also aids the companies to improve their financial performance and attain good reputation in the competitive market. References Anderson, Donald L.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications, 2016. Anderson, Donald L. 2012.Cases And Exercises In Organization Development Change. Los Angeles: Sage. Argote, Linda.Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Benn, Suzanne, Dexter Dunphy, and Andrew Griffiths.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge, 2014. Bon, Abdul Talib, and Esam MA Mustafa. "Impact of total quality management on innovation in service organizations: Literature review and new conceptual framework."Procedia Engineering53 (2013): 516-529. Burke, W. Warner.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications, 2017. Burke, W. Warner, and Debra A. Noumair.Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press, 2015. Carter, Louis, Dave Ulrich, and Marshall Goldsmith, eds.Best practices in leadership development and organization change: How the best companies ensure meaningful change and sustainable leadership. Vol. 18. John Wiley Sons, 2012. Cummings, Thomas G., and Christopher G. Worley.Organization development and change. Cengage learning, 2014. Fugate, Mel, Gregory E. Prussia, and Angelo J. Kinicki. "Managing employee withdrawal during organizational change: The role of threat appraisal."Journal of Management38, no. 3 (2012): 890-914. Goetsch, David L., and Stanley B. Davis.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson, 2014. Jacobs, Gabriele, Arjen van Witteloostuijn, and Jochen Christe-Zeyse. "A theoretical framework of organizational change."Journal of Organizational Change Management26, no. 5 (2013): 772-792. Kim, Dong-Young, Vinod Kumar, and Uma Kumar. "Relationship between quality management practices and innovation."Journal of operations management30, no. 4 (2012): 295-315. Oakland, John S.Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge, 2014. Rasula, Jelena, Vesna Bosilj Vuksic, and Mojca Indihar Stemberger. "The impact of knowledge management on organisational performance."Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe14, no. 2 (2012): 147. Santos-Vijande, Mara Leticia, Jos ngel Lpez-Snchez, and Juan Antonio Trespalacios. "How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance."Journal of Business Research65, no. 8 (2012): 1079-1089. Shani, Abraham B. (Rami), William A Pasmore, and Richard W Woodman. 2012.Research In Organizational Change And Development. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Valmohammadi, Changiz, and Shervin Roshanzamir. "The guidelines of improvement: Relations among organizational culture, TQM and performance."International Journal of Production Economics164 (2015): 167-178.

Real Estate Marketing and Advertising

Introduction: Real Estate Marketing and Its Importance Marketing for the real estate Contemporary society is a well-organized group of people with some needs and ways of reaching certain goals. It is natural that some individuals are more informed about the benefits of certain sectors and devices than others. In this respect, information plays one of the major roles in the process of shaping a person’s database in terms of information available from the media and other people reached, approached and used in various ways.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Real Estate Marketing and Advertising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Real estate is one of the components of a contemporary person’s life. This sector has its features as well as all other business areas including production of goods and entertaining services. Marketing is important for the real estate business due to sellers and buyers, an d intermediaries that help some transactions made via brokers and specific agencies. Advertising as the most recognizable aspect of marketing Advertising is one of the most recognizable aspects of marketing which can be used in the sector of real estate. Moreover, this area empowers real estate agents to facilitate the transactions, promote their personal image of independent agents or of their companies, develop their networks related to other professionals from this area. In other words, advertising is a way to inform buyers and sellers about the goods to be sold or purchased, about yourself, and the quality of services provided by you/the company you work for. Why People Buy Real Estate: What a Client Wants Buyers and sellers While talking about the real estate business, you should remember that there is more than one party concerned and your job is to show yourself. The advertising involves all parties that are interested into the sector of real estate marketing because sellers need to sell whereas buyers need to buy and a link is the advertising as it provides sellers with an opportunity to attract more clients that are able to pay as much as the real estate costs and the buyers can learn about some appealing options to consider. As suggested by Lipman, â€Å"You may want to use the classified sections for recruitment purposes and to increase listings, the lifeblood of the real estate business† (15). Thus, the author offers several options why people read classified sections of various newspapers and how real estate agents can use this information and benefit from exploring the ways of influencing people’s tastes and decisions. An agent, irrespectively of the independent activity or work in a company with other professionals, should seek for a more effective performance. So, it is necessary to learn habits and features of sellers and buyers. In addition, you have to learn the reasons for buying real estate (for instance, change in lifestyle or other possible events) and address those categories of people having the information that they can be searching for real estate due to a particular reason (Lipman 23). Besides, the real estate business requires large portions of information to be processed because an individual that possesses some helpful data can use it and enjoy the results of a transaction.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Real estate salespeople The more you are qualified, the more effective you can be in terms of your professional activity because salespeople are expected to be aware of many other things than human psychology. Effective advertising, self-promotion, being easily located at a necessary place makes involved into the real estate sector highly professional and more competitive. Moreover, salespeople should be able to write ads by themselves so that it was easier to sell some prope rty (Lipman 223). Advertising created by professional advertisers will influence the cost of the real estate and the competitiveness of a sales agent because all costs spent during advertising and marketing campaign are related to the final transaction and can make salespeople ‘outsiders’ in case when the strategy is not well planned. Controlling the budget and having a well-organized plan make you a competitive professional and increases you chances to make a bargain prior to your competitors. Lipman gives some helpful hints on the ways to control your budget while advertising the property and organizing the transaction (224). Besides, you can be sure to be involved into the business because â€Å"A large proportion of housing transactions are carried out with the help of realtors† (Hendel, Nevo, and Ortalo-Magnà © 1878). Most people read classifieds for leisure whereas salespeople can analyze the preferences of potential buyers and offer some appropriate optio ns to consider. A Beginner in the Real Estate Business Starting with self-promotion As a rule, people address those agencies that are more or less known in public. A new sales agent should familiarize the potential clientele with his/her opportunities and the manner of making business. In other words, advertising is the way to tell people about yourself as a sales agent with good reputation and a talent to satisfy the taste and needs of the most hard-to-please customers. You can use the Internet to inform potential sellers and buyers that can apply for your services about the property you want to advertise. â€Å"†¦the Internet offers a cheaper and potentially more effective platform that facilitates direct (by owner) marketing† (Hendel, Nevo, and Ortalo-Magnà © 1878). A sphere of influence (S.O.I.) is another helpful hint that can be used for you self-promotion as a new sales agent. When a sales agent meets some people, this person should mention the position and the s ector of activity he/she is engaged into; a business card is an important aspect of a successful sales agent because it helps to communicate with the public.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Real Estate Marketing and Advertising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, you can develop your sphere of influence using the simplest rules and applying theory into practice (Arvizu 159). As suggested by McCrea (146), professional development is not the same as the process of developing professionally because the position of a sales agent may require certain training but you should choose the most appropriate courses so that you acquired the knowledge and gained skills that can be applied in your professional area. Effective advertising Effective advertising is one of the most important aspects while being engaged into the real estate business because you can tell potential customers about your talent and make them change the perception of you with the help of certain strategic planning. As â€Å"Homeowners wishing to sell their homes contract with a real estate agent (the listing agent) offering the agent exclusivity for a limited period, usually 6 months, and agreeing to pay a commission, of usually 6% of the sale price, if the house is sold during the contract period† (DOJ, as cited in Hendel, Nevo, and Ortalo-Magnà © 1884), you can become a part of the real estate business by advertising your services and approaching each customer in an appropriate manner. Besides, it is important to cover different layers of population in terms of certain income level groups, positions, and status. As reported by McCrea, you can use the web advertising as a part of the marketing campaign (109). So, different strategies and tactics used while promoting your image of a reliable sales agent can help in the process of establishing your image in the sector of real estate. A sales agent should use diffe rent approaches to address different customers and different levels of the world information space. The value of information As information is one of the most important aspects of successful advertising, a sales agent should be aware of the latest changes in the real estate business including marketing strategies, price rates, an overall income level of the population and social tendencies that take place in the contemporary society. The more you know, the more adequate decisions you can take towards the advertising strategies and certain methods used to attract more customers and offer them more appropriate options. You should offer more complete information about certain projects and make readers interested in the offer with the help of an adequate advertising strategy (Lipman 112). Besides, if you choose a strategy that differs greatly from the one applied by the competitors, you can benefit because alternative options and approaches are usually considered before making the final decision. You need to search for customers that know what they want and can trust you and the offer you make. However, you should make them trust you beforehand. An image of a successful sales agent can be created via successful advertising; thus, you have to provide the potential clientele with the adequate and helpful information.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As suggested by McCrea, you can take different ways to inform customers about available options (58).every customer has some preferences in terms of the way of presenting the information and would appreciate if you show yourself as an experienced psychologist while searching for the most appropriate way of providing your customers with adequate and helpful information. Conclusion Important concepts of the real estate marketing strategy There are many different options that should be taken into account while searching for the most appropriate marketing strategy that can be applied in the real estate business. In addition, you have to successfully combine different concepts used for promoting a product or a service. In this respect, advertising is one of the most recognizable aspects of real estate marketing. As soon as customers learn about a sales agent, they can compare his/her approach to other agents and companies. However, a customer can choose to be engaged into the business wi thout intermediaries. Advertising as the fastest way to get a client The most successful and productive way to inform people about something is the announcement while an announcement made in a specific way can be truly beneficial; it is called advertising. As a rule, sales agents are expected to make advertisings by themselves and do it more professionally due to certain training courses. In other words, a sales agent should have a few identities and be able to combine those in a successful way and address the customers in an appropriate manner as well as make advertisings Works Cited Arvizu, Carlos. How to Sell Real Estate: A Guide for Real Estate Rookies (and Non-Rookies, Too!) Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2009. Print. Hendel, Igal, Aviv Nevo, and Franà §ois Ortalo-Magnà ©. â€Å"The Relative Performance of Real Estate Marketing Platforms: MLS versus FSBOMadison.com.† American Economic Review 99.5 (2009): 1878-1898. Print. Lipman, Linda. Real Estate Advertising That Works! U nited States of America: Argyle Press, Inc., 1992. Print. McCrea, Bridget. The Real Estate Agent’s Business Planner: Practical Strategies for Maximizing Your Success. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn, 2005. Print. This research paper on Real Estate Marketing and Advertising was written and submitted by user Martha Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Border Fence Argument

The Border Fence Argument Free Online Research Papers The talk of a border fence can be heard in all aspects of life. Opinions on the matter vary, but there are basically two sides. One group argues to build, the other screams not to. This paper will try to explain both sides of the equation by exploring the minds of some of the people leading the debates. To begin with let’s look at the pro-fence argument. The well publicized Minutemen are considered by there peers as being on the front line on this issue. What is surprising is how so few of these people want recognition for their actions. There is hardly a single name available in the works cited on their website. However, their ideas are prevalent. They think that it is of utmost importance to build this fence for our protection, as a country, against terrorism and the influx of illegal aliens. (Minutemen Border Fence) With the help of congressman like Duncan Hunter the minutemen and their supporters seem to gain steam and move on with the building of border fences. Hunter has a website devoted to keeping the public informed on the progress of the border fence and his efforts to keep the project rolling. (Hunter) These people are sincere in their concerns about border security and feel they are doing a public service by insisting that the fence be built and the illegal aliens and terrorist stay out of this country. The crime rate in border towns being well above average, and the crimes committed by illegal alien’s fuel this volatile situation even further. (Border Fence Project.Com) In addition to the previous arguments, other supporters believe that the fence would supply jobs to some Americans. (Border Fence Project.Com) With the economy going the way it is, this argument may appeal to some. This is not a major reason, but it does weigh on the minds of a few fence supporters. With the construction it would take to build a fence of this length one must assume there would be many openings for work. For a change of pace let’s discuss the anti-fence movement. Most of the people on this side cry of the legality of a border fence. Many laws have been ignored or changed so that this wall could be built. For instance environmental laws have been waived by congress in order to complete the border fence. (Liptak) On top of this Homeland security flatly says it will go around state and federal laws to in an effort to finish the fence. (Marosi) With this kind of blatant disregard for the law and absolute inconsideration for the people there is no wonder why many are turned off by the department’s heading the fence project. Another topic for consideration is the effect on the economy if illegal aliens no longer bought or sold goods in our country. The tax revenue on sales are said to keep some of the border towns above water. Without that revenue many towns would either have to raise taxes, or cut back on many projects such as road maintenance. In conclusion, the widely debated fence is being built whether or not you like it. Agree or disagree, our government has seen this as a must in today’s world. The powers that be are willing to break their own laws to get the fence built and the best thing we could do is accept it. What other option is there? After all we did elect these folks to do what they feel is best for us. Border Fence Project.Com. 2005-2008. 14 April 2008 . Hunter, Duncan. Fence, Light, Border Patrol. 26 October 2006. 14 April 2008 . Liptak, Adam. Power to Build Border Fence Is Above the Law. 8 April 2008. 14 April 2008 . Marosi, Richard, Nicole Gaouette. Environmental rules waived for Mexican border fence, L.A. Times. 2 pril 2008. 14 April 2008 . Minutemen Border Fence. 2005. 14 April 2008 . Research Papers on The Border Fence ArgumentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Action Potentials in Squid Axons

Action Potentials in Squid Axons In 1952, Hodgkin and Huxley published a series of four papers in the Journal of Physiology (London) reporting their experiments to investigate the underlying events of the action potential. In their final paper, they derived a series of equations that describe the relationship between sodium conductance (gNa+), potassium conductance (gK+) and the membrane potential in a squid axon following electrical stimulation. Hodgkin and Huxley were awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. In this practical, you will use a computer program based on the Hodgkin and Huxley equations to show what is happening to the membrane potential, gNa+ and gK+ during and after electrical stimulation. An example of the output from the program is illustrated in figure 1. It can be seen that the electrical stimulation depolarises the membrane. Once a depolarisation of 30mV has occurred, the conductance to sodium ions increases rapidly and the membrane potential rises to +20mV. The rise in gK+ is slower in onset an d lasts for longer than the increase in gNa+. The fall in gNa+ and the associated rise in gK+ returns the membrane potential towards the resting value. Methods and Results    Q1 and 2. Investigate the effects of varying stimulus amplitude and duration by running all the simulations shown in the matrix below in Table 1: Enter a ‘X’ in the Table 1 matrix for experiments that produce an action potential, and record the peak height, amplitude, latency and threshold of any action potentials in Table 2 overleaf. For experiments that fail to elicit an action potential, enter a ‘O’ in the matrix below, and record a value of à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¥ (infinity) for the latency and ‘-‘ for the other parameters in the table overleaf.    Q3. Plot two graphs to show the relationship between: (i) Stimulus strength and latency and (ii) Stimulus duration and latency. How these graphs should be plotted is not immediately obvious, and information on how to complete thi s task will not be explicitly given! The optimal solution to the problem is for you to find, but the following points are provided for guidance: It is not legitimate to plot infinity on graphs It is not appropriate to extrapolate beyond data points It is not legitimate to plot average latencies. The graphs must be plotted so that every value of latency (except à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¥) is represented. Use the blank sheet on the proforma, there is no need to use graph paper. Graph 1 : Stimulus strength and latency Remember you need to distinguish different stim durations in this graph Stimulus Duration (ms) Graph 2: Stimulus Duration and Latency Make sure you distinguish different strengths as well Stimulus Strength (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­A/cm2) These can be plotted accurately using excel for your submitted report. Experiments with dual stimuli Q4. Run a simulation with the following parameters to demonstrate the absolute refractory period:    Briefly describe the responses obtained in simulations A and B in the space below: For simulation A and B in stimulus 1 they had peak heights of +17mv therefore producing an action potential. In stimulus 2, there is very little depolarisation in simulation A as peak height is -92mv. This is lower than the resting potential, therefore showing that the neuron did not fully recover from stimulus1.

Market Model Patterns of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Market Model Patterns of Change - Essay Example In the year 1981, it introduced a Nordic mobile telephone (NMT); NTM was the first mobile phone or cellular phone which was able to permit roaming network. In 1987 the Nokia Corporation launched a mobile phone that was capable to be handled, the phone used NTM network. Regardless of its price and its weight, the phone became classic as it recorded biggest sell of the time. In the year 2002 the Nokia Corporation launched Nokia 3650, the phone had camera feature. Later in the year, the company launched Nokia 6650; it was the first 3G phone in the market. Currently, Nokia has made a major step on the models of the phone they are manufacturing. In the year 2011 February, the Corporation declared to work together with Microsoft Company to improve features of Smartphones they plan to manufacture. After the two major company united, in October they launched two models; Nokia Lumia 880 and Nokia Lumia 710 (Pulkkinen, 2011). Previously, Nokia Corporation was enjoying monopoly; it was the firs t company to develop hand mobile phone. Despite the size and the price of the phones, in made highest sell than what the company was expecting. In 2005, the company manufactured Nokia 1100 which recorded billion sell even though it was having less features. The monopoly of the industry Nokia to enjoy profits and failed to concentrate on the advancement of their products. As the industry evolved, new technologies were brought into the market. Small industry entered into the market and impressed technology, these new companies in the industry started manufacturing products that had more features, hence attracting more customers. With the increase in competition, Nokia Corporation started to follow new drift of the technology and started to manufacture better phone models. Initially, Nokia Corporation enjoyed monopoly, currently there is pressure in the communication industry. Different and new companies have entered into the market and are making remarkable profits; therefore, Nokia C orporation is facing oligopoly. At present, other companies that are into the market includes; Motorola Corporation, Samsung company, apple industry, Alcatel, Sony Ericson, and blackberry Corporation. Each new product brought into the market by one company, it is countered by other company by producing a more advanced technologically handset. With these competition trend seen in the market, consumers or the buyer of the product are the ones who enjoys better product. Also with this tendency of competition, consumers have a wide variety of product to choose from and at an affordable price (Morris, 2009). Presently, it is viewed that the market or the industry trend has changed to a perfect competition; there is no dominant company in the market. Each company is trying to manufacture best possible product than what the other company can produce. In the short term run, the major dominant or the giant company in the industry will enjoy the market as a result companies known and trusted names. This dominancy with major company will hinder penetration of the emerging businesses into market. The new company has never been on the market before and there product has never been used before; it will be difficult for them to penetrate into the market. Therefore, in a short run, the dominant corporation including Nokia, and Samsung; they will prevent entry of the new companies into the market (Gruber, 2005). In the long

Discussion Week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Week 5 - Essay Example They also tend to hold more than one view. Mindlessness on the other hand is an illusion people create for themselves that deceives then that they are in control of each and every situation which is not entirely the case. Mindlessness leads to an individual having a narrow self-image, they acquire learned helplessness and they often lose control leading to unintended cruelty. A social worker that is mindful is able to handle the challenges that come with their work. They are bale to for example convince patients about the importance of their health through appealing to their mindsets and using their innovation to assist them change their behavior for the better. By appealing to their minds, they will have led to a behavioral change (Langer, 2014). Social Workers are knowledgeable about human behavior across the life course. How does Life Course theory assist us in gaining, organizing and using this critical information? How is Life Course theory different from traditional life-span theories? Provide clear examples to distinguish theories. Life course theory discusses a variety of human concepts and do not limit themselves to only a particular course. They handle concepts such as the social changes, the structural contexts, and the historical as well as socioeconomic context of their lives over a period of time. These therefore means that in analyzing the behavior of people using this theory, the social workers will cut across different disciplines from history to biology, sociology, psychology and even economics as they all affect the human behavior throughout the course of their life. People are therefore able to compartmentalize the information they receive throughout their life and assist in being mindful of what they do and say. Traditional life span theories only focus on the developmental aspect of an individual’s life and hence they leave out other aspects that are important especially to the behavior of an

English Traves Essay Example for Free

English Traves Essay Plagiarism is one of the most important issues that students have to face in their academic lives. If they are found guilty of committing plagiarism in their works, they can face serious consequences like failure or expulsion from the school. As such, it is important that they learn how to properly cite and acknowledge the works that they lift from other authors and sources. The reading indicates that anything that is borrowed from another work or author must be cited. â€Å"The only types of information that do not require acknowledgment are common knowledge, facts widely available in many sources, well-known quotations, or material you created or gathered yourself † (Author, Year, p. 747). Students must be able to distinguish these things so that they do not make the mistake of plagiarizing. To avoid plagiarism, all they have to remember is to acknowledge anything that they did not write or come up with. There are several ways to document and acknowledge other writers’ works including the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA). These documentation styles allow writers, whether students or professionals, to avoid being accused of plagiarism. Another way to avoid plagiarism is to try writing a piece of work without using any sources. Students should learn how to write their papers using their own thoughts, ideas, and words. Original work is always better to present although some instructors do require their students to perform research so that they would learn more about a particular subject. It should be remembered that no writer wants his or her work to be borrowed and not be acknowledged for his or her effort. In addition, students need to realize that it is better to learn how to cite their sources than suffer the consequences of being accused of plagiarism. Reference Author. (Year). Title. Place of publication: Publisher.

Comparing Mary Anne in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong and Kurtz in Apo

Comparing Mary Anne in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong and Kurtz in Apocalypse Now  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1979, Francis Coppola released a film that he said he hoped "would give its audience a sense of the horror, the madness, the sensuousness, and the moral dilemma of the Vietnam war" (as quoted in Hagen 230). His film, Apocalypse Now, based on Joseph Conrad's 1902 novel Heart of Darkness, is the story of Captain Benjamin Willard's (Martin Sheen) journey to the interior of the jungle of Southeastern Asia for the purpose of executing his orders to track down Colonel Walter E. Kurtz (Marlon Brando). Once Kurtz is located, Willard is to "terminate his command with extreme prejudice" because Kurtz has raised an army of deserters and natives, whom he rules over like a fanatical war lord- When Willard finally reaches Kurtz's compound and meets him, he discovers a man who has descended into primitive barbarism. From the beginning of their encounter, Kurtz knows why Willard was sent to find him and makes no effort to stop Willard from slaying him with a machete. With his mission accomplished, Willard boards the boat that will take him. back to civilization. Tim O'Brien's story "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" is like Apocalypse Now in that it is also about a character who "crossed to the other side." Her name is Mary Anne and her boyfriend, Mark Fossie, has her shipped over to Vietnam to be with him. However, instead of reacting to the atmosphere of the war as Fossie thougbt she would, she becomes fascinated with the mystery of it, and over the course of the story is completely drawn in by the jungle's allure. Over a period of weeks, she disappears on ambushes with a nearby squad of Green Berets and when finally confronted by Fossie, he fi... ...e Now (1979): Joseph Conrad and the Television War." Hollvwood As Historian: American Film in a Cultural Context. Ed. Peter C. Rollins. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. 230-245. O'Brien, Tim. "How to Tell a True War Story," Writing As Re-Vision: A Studenl's Anthology Ed. Beth Alvarado and Barbara Cully. Needham Heights, MA: Simon and Schuster Custom Publishing, 1996. 550-558. __________. "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,." The Things They Carried. New York: Viking Penguin. 1990. 101-125. __________. "The Vietnam in Me." Writing As Re- Vision: A Student's Antholoqy. 559-571. Phillips, Gene D. Conrad and Cinema: The Art of Adaptation. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1995. Watts, Cedric. 'Heart of Darkness.' The Cambridge Companion to Joseph Conrad. Ed. J.H. Stape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 45-62.      

Global Warming Affects Biodiversity Essay

There has always been a link between climate change and biodiversity. As the climate changes, the animals in the affected areas have to either adjust or leave. Although climate changes have been occurring throughout history, the rapid climate changes of today are resulting in species not being able to adapt quickly enough and undergoing species loss. Some species may adapt well to the climate changes such as an increase in bugs and pests, but others, such as Arctic animals are being forced away from their homes as the glaciers that they live on melt and break away. The Arctic and areas that are in higher latitudes have a higher rate of warming and this pattern is expected to continue as climates everywhere changes and temperatures go up. As Earth warms up, the glaciers in the Arctic start to melt, and species such as the polar bear and the arctic fox that depend on the sea ice, will start to disappear and only be available for viewing in places such as zoos. The polar bear and the arctic fox are not just the only species that will be affected. The fish, birds, marine mammals, and even the algae that grows on the undersides of the glaciers will be severely impacted as the ice melts and eventually disappears all together. The climate changes do strictly impact the Arctic, but the whole world. As ice melts in the Arctic, the temperature in seas and oceans change and the salt levels change which affects the reproduction of marine species. Once this happens, Alaskan fish will be a delicacy only available for the rich and special. Also once the all the sea ice melts, the water levels will rise and much of the land bordering oceans and seas will be covered and people will be forced to relocate and adjust, just like the Arctic animals. The change in ecosystems all over the world will result in loss of food sources, jobs, natural resources, and some natural pharmaceutical products. Rising temperatures will also affect the health of humans by exposing them to more forms of disease. Cold temperatures help regulate and control the spreading of many diseases. Diseases such as malaria are likely to spread because mosquitos will not die during the winter because temperatures are slightly lower than they are in summer. Parasites that originate from sub-tropical environments may migrate to more moderate biomes and reproduce and attack there.

orld Trade Organization Essay

On November 30, 1999, major governments met at a World Trade Organization (WTO), ministerial meeting at the Washington State Convention and Trade Center in Seattle, Washington. During this meeting an enormous public protest took place in the streets of Seattle. The protestors were representing human rights groups, students, environmental groups, religious leaders, labor rights activists and members of numerous other groups. The groups were not only from the United States, but had come from all over the world. All of these people were peacefully protesting the practices of the WTO in the name of free trade. The protestors stated that the WTO upheld trade practices that allowed child labor, low wages and environmental destruction. The WTO justified these practices in the name of free trade. Tens of thousands of people were in Seattle to protest peacefully, and the protests did start peacefully, but they did not end that way. A small number of anarchist groups were in Seattle to cause civil disobedience and acts of vandalism and property damage. These groups conducted deliberate acts of vandalism on corporate offices in Seattle. The Seattle Police Department did not have the number of officers, even with help from other departments, to handle the number of protestors. The officers used pepper spray, tear gas, stun grenades and eventually rubber bullets to try to unblock congested city streets. Some of the anarchists fought back by breaking windows and vandalizing storefronts. Dumpsters were pushed out into intersections and they were lit on fire and tires on police cars were deflated. The National Guard was finally called in, but did not get to Seattle until the next morning. Once the WTO packed up and went home, the protestors packed up and went on their way. When the meeting finished, businesses had suffered millions of dollars in damage and lost sales, over 500 people were arrested. No deaths were attributed to the protest and no one was seriously injured. There was controversy over city response and the Seattle police chief resigned. The anarchist protestors felt the protest was a success. Before the Seattle Protest, there was almost no mention of anti-globalization in the U. S. media but the protest had forced the media to report on why anyone would oppose the WTO. Good or bad, the message of the protestors was broadcast to the world.

Meiosis - Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Meiosis s in Rhetoric (1) To belittle, use a degrading epithet or nickname, often through a trope of one word. A concise form of invective. (2) A kind of humorous understatement that dismisses or belittles, especially by using terms that make something seem less significant than it really is or ought to be.Plural meioses; adjectival form, meiotic. See Examples and Observations, below. Etymology:From the Greek, diminish Definition #1: Examples and Observations Meiosis, often achieved through a trope of one word, may range from bitter scorn to light derision.​(Sister Miriam Joseph, Shakespeares Use of the Arts of Language, 1947)The unspeakable in full pursuit of the uneatable.(Oscar Wilde on fox hunting)rhymester for poetgrease monkey for mechanicshrink for psychiatristslasher for surgeonright-wing nutjobs for Republicans; left-wing pansies for Democratspecker checker for urologistambulance chaser for personal injury lawyershort-order chef for morgue workertreehugger for environmentalistKing Arthur: The Lady of the Lake, her arm clad in the purest shimmering samite held aloft excalibur from the bosom of the water.Peasant: Listen, strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government. Power derives from the masses not from some farcical aquatic ceremony.King Arthur: Be quiet!Peasant: You cant expect to wield supreme power because some watery tart threw a sword at you.King Arthur: Shut up!Peasant: If I went around saying I was an emperor because some moistened bint had lobbed a scimitar at me . . ..(Monty Python and the Holy Grail, 1975) Definition #2: Examples and Observations Meiosis is a statement that depicts something important in terms that lessen or belittle it. [Woody] Allens fictitious graduation speech . . . alternated between hyperbole and meiosis. Discussing the crisis of alienation in society, Allen remarked. Man has seen the ravages of war, he has known natural catastrophes, he has been to singles bars. Commenting on the benefits of democracy, Allen observed, In a democracy at least, civil liberties are upheld. No citizen can be wantonly tortured, imprisoned, or made to sit through certain Broadway shows. The pattern in each case was the same. Allen introduced a serious topic, began to treat it in a dignified and elevated manner, but ended on a note of understatement.(James Jasinksi, Sourcebook on Rhetoric. Sage, 2001)In The Black Cat [by Edgar Allen Poe] the narrator . . . wants desperately to believe that the narrative he is about to relate is not one of supernatural vengeance on the part of demonic cats and punishing gods; rather, he calls itagain using meiosisa homely narrative. By homely he means ordinary. Through meiosis he attempts to downplay the events and their possible implications for his soul. When he mentions the apparent shape of the white fur on the second cat as resembling a gallows, he again tries to deemphasize the significance of the phenomenon by referring to it as one of the merest chimeras it would be possible to conceive. He frantically wants to believe that the gallows on the cats fur is a mere trick of the imagination and not a supernatural portent of his doom.(Brett Zimmerman, Edgar Allan Poe: Rhetoric and Style. McGill-Queens University Press, 2005) Pronunciation: MI-o-sis Also Known As: diminutio, minution, extenuatio, figure of extenuation, prosonomasia, the disabler, the nicknamer

Application of Psychology in Marketing Research Paper

Application of Psychology in Marketing - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that psychology has been considered an ideal area of study that can be applied in several social science areas. One of these areas is marketing. Perhaps, for those who would like to enhance their businesses, marketing is prioritized due to its extensive primary importance to the business. Without marketing, potential customers are not able to learn about the existence of products and services they miss, and this leads to lack of success in business. In this regard, among areas of interest in marketing is the application of psychology in this field. One of the areas of psychology applied in marketing is evolutionary psychology. This psychological perspective mainly covers consumer behavior. Evolutionary psychology also seeks to unify the fields of evolutionary biology and cognitive psychology as applied to the human condition. In essence, a large part of marketing focuses on consumer behavior. In this regard, application of psychology acts a s a paradigmatic influence in explaining human behavior in terms of consumer perceptions and preferences of certain products and services. Perhaps, to be able to have a successful marketing strategy, an organization or business may opt to use the 4ps to enrich its marketing. Almost all businesses seek success. A combination of various factors is believed to contribute to this success.   Some of these factors include excellent communication systems and qualified workforce. However, in today’s business world, businesses are concerned with satisfying the customers’ needs more than with any other factors. In fact, there are more concerns about sensing, satisfying and serving the needs of customers (Egan 84). Nevertheless, this is not done without a proper planning. Many businesses are buying the idea of strategic

The Balkan States, 1876-1914 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Balkan States, 1876-1914 - Essay Example However as the event unfolded after 1908 as â€Å"in the ensuing Balkan Wars of 1912-13, Serbia obtained northern and central Macedonia, but Austria compelled it to yield Albanian lands that would have given it access to the sea. Serb animosity against the Habsburgs reached a climax on June 28, 1914, when the Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo by a Bosnian Serb, Gavrilo Princip, setting off a series of diplomatic and military initiatives among the great powers that culminated in World War I.† (US Department of State). The rising tension between the two entities and the resulting conflict thus brought about the World War I. Further it was also a conflict of interest as both the countries tried to legitimize their powers in the region. Austria being the country largely responsible for weakening Turks claimed to have more territory under its control whereas Serbia refused to budge to the excessiveness of Austria thus both the countries were at odd during Balkan wars. It is largely being argued that the nationalism was one of the main thrust behind the first and the second Balkan War as Nationalism worked as a force to compel Europe to go far war. Tracing the history of the region, it would be evident that right from the Ottoman rule in the region to the last Balkan war of 1990s, Nationalism has emerged in the form of various sub-identities and sub-cultures which virtually divided the region and brought about the bitter consequences of the war. It is also believed that Nationalism emerged within the Balkan region mainly due to the conditions of the social structure within the region. The region was largely village based with strong differences between the rural and the urban areas. Further, with influx of Turks, most of the population of Serbia especially embraced Islam which gave the issue of nationalism a whole new face in the region. The historical roots of this

A Street Car Named Desire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Street Car Named Desire - Essay Example This aspect comes out clearly in streetcar named desire whereby all the characters involved in the play have a need or desire that makes them stay in the relationship. The paper will explore how drama surrounds the individual and not the relationship by use of examples from the streetcar named desire. In the play, there are different characters that have been named according to their roles. There is Blanche Dubois, who is a classy woman that comes from an affluent part of the Mississippi (Williams 1-87). The other character is Stella Kalowaski who is a woman under constant duress most of which comes from the husband Stanley Kowalski. The other prominent character is Mitchel Hartford. He is a friend and a poker playmate of Stanley. All the characters named above are seen as the main character in that the theme of the play revolves around them. However, other minor characters support the role of the main characters such as the deceased husband of Blanche, the post boy, the man that was found with Blanche’s husband. An analysis of Blanche indicates that in all the relationships that she formed her inherent approach to the narrations of her past are fallacies (Williams 1-87). She is a character that lacks a stand such that the information that she provides about the loss of her house is not real. She does not want to accept the disgrace that came with the death of her young husband. This makes her selfish gains to have a central role in the decision-making process. She is so unstable in her relations such that she has earned the attention of the soldiers. At the beginning of the play, the character is unwilling to stay with Stella and her husband since she does not approve of their living standards (Williams 1-87). However, he lacks and wants makes her accept to stay since this is a last resort measure. In fact, she established the relationships in order for her to attain her individual goals.  

Morality in Islam Essay Example for Free

Morality in Islam Essay Morals are the standards set by society for an ethical human behavior. It can also be called the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. Morality is the adherence to the moral values present in the society, especially the following of good moral conduct. Islam is a comprehensive way of life, and morality is one of the cornerstones Islam. Morality is one of the fundamental sources of a nation’s strength, just as immorality is one of the main causes of a nation’s decline. Islam has established some universal fundamental rights for humanity as a whole, which are to be observed in all circumstances. To uphold these rights, Islam has provided not only legal safeguards, but also a very effective moral system. Thus, whatever leads to the welfare of the individual or the society and does not oppose any maxims of the religion is morally good in Islam, and whatever is harmful is morally bad. Given its importance in a healthy society, Islam supports morality and matters that lead to it, and stands in the way of corruption and matters that lead to it. The guiding principle for the behavior of a Muslim is â€Å"Virtuous Deeds†. This term covers all deeds, not only acts of worship. The Guardian and Judge of all deeds is God Himself. Morals in the general society might have evolved considerably over the centuries but their main purpose remains the same; i. e. to practice good behavior and abstain from ill doings and injustice. The pursuit of justice, tolerance and fairness has been appreciated and upheld by man for centuries, and detest for evil doings and cruelty has been ever present. Morality has a very important role in the religion of Islam and in the life of a Muslim. Islam tells us that the conscience of a person has it in him to do good deeds and refrain from evil. The Holy Quran calls good, maruf-a well known things and evil, munkar-an unknown thing. It means that it is desirable to do good deeds and undesirable to indulge in evil practices. The Quran says: â€Å"By the Soul! And the proportion and order given to it, and its enlightenment as to its wrong and its right- truly he succeeds that purifies it, and he fails that corrupts it. † (91:7-10) The moral values in Islam deal with the relationship of a man with his God, man with his fellow beings and the man’s relationship with his soul. The moral codes given to Muslims to follow are Divine guidance from Allah himself. These codes and values stand the test of time and are universal in their nature. One can realize how much importance and is given to morals in Islam. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) said that the good manners and morals were the real test of a man’s excellence. He (pbuh) said: â€Å"The best of you are those who have the most excellent morals. † The moral values of Islam are instrumental towards creating a healthy and a sustainable society. The moral values in Islam emphasize on piety, patience, forgiveness, justice, kindness brotherhood, equality, truthfulness, lawful earning and acquisition of knowledge. The Holy Quran signifying the value of justice says; â€Å"†¦for Allah loves those who are fair and just. † (49:9) The morals in Islam also incorporate the conduct of an individual towards his parents, spouse, relatives and neighbors. Islam instructs the follower to give his fellow beings their due rights and complete his obligations towards them. The guidance for human beings to live their life in Islam comes through Divine commands. The promise of paradise, and the warning from the inexplicably hot fire of the hell, motivates the believer to follow the right path. The Divine guidance sets the standard for the most excellent possible moral behavior. Importance of morality in Islam is beautifully captured in the saying of the Holy Prophet (pbuh): â€Å"The thing which will make the majority of the people enter Paradise is fear of Allah and good manners. † he most fundamental characteristics of a Muslim are piety and humility. A Muslim must be humble with God and with other people: â€Å"And turn not your face away from people (with pride), nor walk in insolence through the earth. Verily, God likes not each arrogant boaster. And be moderate (or show no insolence) in your walking, and lower your voice. Verily, the harshest of all voices is the voice (braying) of the ass. † (Quran 31:18-19) Muslims must be in controls of their passions and desires. A Muslim should not be vain or attached to the ephemeral pleasures of this world. While most people allow the material world to fill their hearts, Muslims should keep God in their hearts and the material world in their hand. Instead of being attached to the car and the job and the diploma and the bank account, all these things become tools to make us better people. â€Å"The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail, but only he (will prosper) that brings to God a sound heart. † (Quran: 26:88-89) Principles of Morality in Islam. God sums up righteousness in verse 177 of Surat Al Baqarah: â€Å"It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards East or West; but it is righteousness (the quality of ) the one who believes in God and the Last Day and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; who spends of his wealth, in spite of love for it, to the kinsfolk, to the orphans, to the needy, to the wayfarer, to those who ask and for the freeing of slaves; and who is steadfast in prayers, and gives Zakah (Alms); and those who fulfill their covenants which they made; and who are patient and perseverant in poverty and ailment and throughout all periods of fighting. Such are the people of truth, the pious. † This verse teaches us that righteousness and piety is based before all else on a true and sincere faith. The key to virtue and good conduct is a strong relation with God, who sees all, at all times and everywhere. He knows the secrets of the hearts and the intentions behind all actions. Therefore, a Muslim must be moral in all circumstances; God is aware of each one when no one else is. If we deceive everyone, we cannot deceive Him. We can flee from anyone, but not from Him. The love and continuous awareness of God and the Day of Judgment enables man to be moral in conduct and sincere in intentions, with devotion and dedication: â€Å"Indeed, the most honorable among you in the sight of God is the most pious. † (Quran 49:13) Then come deeds of charity to others, especially giving things we love. This, like acts of worship, prayers and Zakah (mandatory alms), is an integral part of worship. A righteous person must be reliable and trustworthy. Finally, their faith must be firm and should not wane when faced with adversity. Morality must be strong to vanquish corruption: â€Å"And God loves those who are firm and steadfast. † Patience is often hardest and most beautiful when it’s against one’s own desires or anger: â€Å"And march forth toward forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as are the heavens and the earth, prepared for the pious. Those who spend (in the way of God) in prosperity and in adversity, who repress anger, and who pardon people; verily, God loves the doers of the good deeds. † (Quran 3:133) These three acts are among the hardest things for most people, but they are also the key to forgiveness and to paradise. Are they not the best, those who are able to exercise charity when they are in need themselves, control when they are angry and forgiveness when they are wronged? This is the standard by which actions are judged as good or bad. By making pleasing God the objective of every Muslim, Islam has set the highest possible standard of morality. Morality in Islam addresses every aspect of a Muslim’s life, from greetings to international relations. It is universal in its scope and in its applicability. Morality reigns in selfish desires, vanity and bad habits. Muslims must not only be virtuous, but they must also enjoin virtue. They must not only refrain from evil and vice, but they must also forbid them. In other words, they must not only be morally healthy, but they must also contribute to the moral health of society as a whole. â€Å"You are the best of the nations raised up for (the benefit of) men; you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in God; and if the followers of the Book had believed it would have been better for them; of them (some) are believers and most of them are transgressors. † (Quran: 3:110) The Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, summarized the conduct of a Muslim when he said:â€Å"My Sustainer has given me nine commands: to remain conscious of God, whether in private or in public; to speak justly, whether angry or pleased; to show moderation both when poor and when rich, to reunite friendship with those who have broken off with me; to give to him who refuses me; that my silence should be occupied with thought; that my looking should be an admonition; and that I should command what is right. † The love and continuous awareness of God and the Day of Judgment enables man to be moral in conduct and sincere in intentions, with devotion and dedication. The Glorious Qur’an also says:Say: the things that my Lord hath indeed forbidden are: shameful deeds, whether open or secret; sins and trespasses against truth or reason; assigning of partners to Allah, for which He hath given no authority; and saying things about Allah of which ye have no knowledge. [Al-Qur’an 7:33]It is interesting that the Qur’an refers to â€Å"sins and trespasses against truth or reason†. It is an indication of God’s blessing to every human being, of an innate moral sense. Such a moral sense, when uncorrupted by family or society, is what leads people to commendable acts of virtue. Islam aims to enhance and amplify the moral sense in every human being and adorn the individual’s character with the noblest of virtues. The Islamic moral principles therefore, appeal naturally to the human intellect, while elevating the pursuit of morality to the level of worship. This is because Islam holds every action that is done with the goal of attaining of God’s pleasure to be worship. | Morality and the individual The guiding principle for the behavior of a Muslim is what the Qur’an refers to as Al `Amal Assalih or virtuous deeds. This term covers all deeds, not just the outward acts of worship. Some of the most primary character traits expected of a Muslim are piety, humility and a profound sense of accountability to God. A Muslim is expected to be humble before God and with other people. Islam also enjoins upon every Muslim to exercise control of their passions and desires. Islam warns against vanity and excessive attachment to the ephemeral pleasures of this world. While it is easy to allow the material world to fill our hearts, Islam calls upon human beings to keep God in their hearts and to use the material world in moderation and in accordance with God’s guidance. The Glorious Qur’an says: â€Å"The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail, but only he (will prosper) that brings to Allah a sound heart† [Al-Quran: 26:88-89] Charity is one of the most commendable acts in Islam. In fact, Zakah, the annual charity that is obligatory on every Muslim who has accrued wealth above a certain level, is one of the pillars of Islam. Gratitude in prosperity, patience in adversity, and the courage to uphold the truth, even when inconvenient to oneself, are just some of the qualities that every Muslim is encouraged to cultivate. Morality and Society For an individual as well as a society, morality is one of the fundamental sources of strength, just as immorality is one of the main causes of decline. While respecting the rights of the individual within a broad Islamic framework, Islam is also concerned with the moral health of the society. Thus, everything that leads to the welfare of the individual and the society is morally good in Islam, and whatever is harmful is morally bad. Given its importance to a healthy and just society, Islam supports morality and matters that lead to the enhancement of morality, and stands in the way of corruption and matters that lead to the spreading of corruption. The injunctions and prohibitions in Islam are to be seen in this light Conclusion Morality in Islam addresses every aspect of a Muslim’s life, from greetings to international relations. It is universal in its scope and in its applicability. A Muslim is expected to not only be virtuous, but to also enjoin virtue. He/She must not only refrain from evil and vice, but must also actively engage in asking people to eschew them. In other words, they must not only be morally healthy, but must also contribute to the moral health of society as a whole. The Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) summarized the conduct of a Muslim when he said: â€Å"My Sustainer has given me nine commands: to remain conscious of God, whether in private or in public; to speak justly, whether angry or pleased; to show moderation both when poor and when rich, to reunite friendship with those who have broken off with me; to give to him who refuses me; that my silence should be occupied with thought; that my looking should be an admonition; and that I should command what is right. †

Generate Ideas Of The New Products Marketing Essay

Generate Ideas Of The New Products Marketing Essay This is a project for Mr Bean to launch a new product for a new segment. The process starts from idea generation, idea screening, business analysis, product development, test marketing and ends at 4Ps. Chosen Segment The new chosen segment is aiming at families, especially, the group of people who like soya bean food and do not go to Mr Beans outlets very often. Most of Mr Beans products are with short shelf life or difficult to store after selling. Usually, the products are eaten just after being sold. This restricts the sales. The consumers wouldnt buy a lot by one time. And the products are not available at home. If the consumers do not pass by Mr Beans outlets, the products are not available. So, Mr Bean may lose a lot of business opportunities. The new segment can length the time period for consumers to consume Mr Beans products. It will increase Mr Beans sales obviously. But, on the other hand, new products in this segment will affect the sales of existing products. Some consumers may do not buy products from Mr Bean when they pass by the outlets. It may be because that they have just eaten some Mr Beans similar products at home or they would eat at home. Considering the stagger location and time of the consumption, the effect will be slight. Overall, the new segment is expected to drive up Mr Beans sales significantly. The new products are expected to have a long shelf life and be easy to store, so that they are available for the families at home. 2 New Product Development 2.1 Idea Generation To generate ideas of the new products, internal and external surveys were held. The ideas were created by the employees and customers of Mr Bean. They are the following: Soy milk power: Instant soy milk. Dried bean curd: Traditional dried bean curd with package. Soya bean: Use complementary branding with a soy milk maker producer. And sell soya bean as the main material. Vacuum-packed pancake: New taste with package, the product can be stored at home. Mascot cookie: Cookies with different shape of Mr Beans mascot. Bagged soy milk oatmeal: A mix with soy milk power and dehydrated oatmeal. Frozen steam stuffed bun: A traditional and popular food. Boxed ice cream: Different to Mr Beans existing soft serves. 2.2 Idea Screening After the idea generation stage, the new product ideas were evaluated through some internal criteria, such as the consistency of the company positioning, of Mr Bean. Soy milk power: The production method of soy milk power is complex. And some large equipment is required. Mr Bean cant produce it now. Rejected. Dried bean curd: Dried bean curd can be produced easily by simple tools. Accepted. Soya bean: Directly sell soya bean takes low expense. Fabrication is not required. Accepted. Vacuum-packed pancake: The new taste pancake is very similar to the existing ones. Low cost and simple equipment is required. Accepted. Mascot cookie: The production process is simple. And tools to cook cookies are easy to get. Accepted. Bagged soy milk oatmeal: This new product is based on soy milk power. Since Mr Bean cant produce its own soy milk power, rejected. Frozen steam stuffed bun: Not soya bean related food. Inconsistent to company positioning. Rejected. Boxed ice cream: New equipment is required. But it is small and cheap. Accepted. The Screening result is as the table below: No. New Ideas Screening Result Accepted Rejected 1 Soy milk power 2 Dried bean curd 3 Soya bean 4 Vacuum-packed pancake 5 Mascot cookie 6 Bagged soy milk oatmeal 7 Frozen steam stuffed bun 8 Boxed ice cream 2.3 Business Analysis After the Idea screening, then the residual 5 ideas were examined by some external factors. Cost, sales and profitability need be considered in business analysis stage. Dried bean curd Cost: The main raw material is soya bean. And only simple tools are required. Cost should be low. Sales: Its a traditional food with a long history, demand may be high. As a soya bean food related company, the brand can help to get considerable sales. Profitability: Considerable sales with low cost makes it be very profitable. Soya bean Cost: Only some packaging fees are required. Sales: Lots of Singaporean dont like to cook at home, so the demand may be low. And its a convenience product, Sales may be disappointing. Profitability: Even cost is low, Sales may be also low. Its not profitable. Vacuum-packed pancake Cost: The cost of a vacuum-packed pancake with new taste is quite similar with the existing ones, just need extra packaging fees. Sales: Since the new pancake can store at home, both demand and sales are expected to have a obviously increase. Profitability: Net profit margin should be very similar to pancake. Profit should be high with good sales. Mascot cookie Cost: Cookies are easy to make with simple tools. Raw materials are also cheap. Cost is expected to be low. Sales: Most of the mascot cookie lovers should be little children. This limitation restricts the demand. Sales may be low. Profitability: Because of the low sales, it cant generate satisfying profit. Boxed ice cream Cost: The method and recipe are different from existing ice cream, but cost is very similar, both are low. Sales: Singapores climate stimulates the demand of ice cream. Sales are expected to be doubled. Profitability: High sales and low cost can bring good profit. Based on the profitability, the result is as the following table: No. New Ideas Analysis Result Accepted Rejected 2 Dried bean curd 3 Soya bean 4 Vacuum-packed pancake 5 Mascot cookie 8 Boxed ice cream 2.4 Product Development After many evaluations, the rest 3 ideas are developing into products. Dried bean curd The product is cut into small squares and with a lite taste. As the first product in this product line, choose original taste. Choose plastic as the packaging material. Some part of the package should be hyaline, so that the consumer can see the dried bean curd inside. Net weight is set at 150 gram per pack. So the consumers can eat up one pack one time. The label should show the flavor. Vacuum-packed pancake The new taste pancake was designed as a jam taste. It retained the soft texture of the existing ones. To reduce pressure on the product, the space inside the package should be fixed. So it can have a good appearance. As many other vacuum-package, use plastic as the material. Use specific color to show the flavor. Single pack can fit customers behavior. Boxed ice cream Boxed ice cream is different to Mr Beans existing soft serve. The new product has a relatively high hardness and low storage temperature. Its more suitable for transportation and storage. Strawberry taste is a common taste my other competitors use, and is very suitable to be chosen as the taste for the new product. Choose paper as packaging material. And the package should embody the flavor by color. Net content is 1L, a common quantity on the market.The label should highlight the new feature: it can be store at home. 2.5 Test Marketing Test marketing is to try to infer the response of a full-scale launch by a small regional test. The result may be not reliable (McDonald Christopher 2003, p.180). So choosing an ideal region can improve the reliability of the test result. Singapore is a very small country. This can help improve the accuracy of the test marketing. And the convenient public transportation makes the movement of mass very active, especially in MRT stations and bus interchange hubs. So choosing the outlets in these places to launch the prototypes can get a relatively reliable data. The outlet in Toa Payoh Hub is an ideal place to conduct the test. In location, it is at the center part of the country. And the passenger flow is high. Price is one of the considerations for the consumers in their consuming behavior. So the prices of the three products were based on the variable cost. And the contribution margin was set at 30% of the variable cost. So the selling prices are the following: Dried bean curd: 0.9 SD per pack Vacuum-packed pancake: 1.2 SD per pack Boxed ice cream: 4 SD per box At the same time, the customers who bought the new product were asked to take part in a survey. Customers voted to their favorite new product. The test lasted for a month. Then the data was collected and analyzed by Mr Bean. The result is as the following graphs: From the graphs, the sales of boxed ice cream were far ahead to the other two. And in customers choice, dried bean curd failed to get a good acceptance by most customers. The degree of vacuum-packed pancake and boxed ice cream among the customer is very similar. Boxed ice cream got a slight lead. Combining with data from all aspects, the result of test marking is as the following table: No. New Ideas Analysis Result Accepted Rejected 2 Dried bean curd 4 Vacuum-packed pancake 8 Boxed ice cream 3 Commercialisation Marketing mix is very often used in complex marketing strategies. It involves both targeted customers and companys objective (DIMCC 2008). Boxed ice cream should be classified as a product, so the marketing mix should base on 4Ps. 3.1 Product Product is the most important part in the 4Ps. The whole marketing mix bases on the products. Characteristics The new boxed ice cream is classified as a kind of regular ice cream. Its quite different from soft serves in recipe, hardness, taste, storage, process, etc. So it is a new product in a new product line in Mr Bean. And the taste is strawberry, a very common flavor on the market. So it is more probable to be accepted by the consumers. Regular ice cream is appropriate for many kinds of flavors. So it is possible to translate it into a series of products to length the product life circle. Different to many other regular ice cream on the market, Mr Beans boxed ice cream uses soya bean as one of its raw material. Packaging Package is an important part of the product. It has many functions. Contain the core product is the basic function of a package. For the boxed ice cream, paper box with cap is an ideal container. The design capacity is 1.1 liter. Since the net weight was decided to be 1 liter, the design capacity of the package must have some cushion. But the cushion mustnt be too much, or the customers may have a wrong impression that the product is short in actual weight. The paper must accord with food hygienic standard. And material quality must be waterproof paper. The package must have the ability to bear some situation that the ice cream melted. It can avoid leakage. The package protects the ice cream from external impurities and protects consumers from touching the ice cream, even when it melted. Piling method was considered to make sure the package is burly enough to bear the pressure. The design of the package must contain the information of the ice cream to consumers. Slight pink was chose n as the background color of the box, and strawberry was added into the design. So the consumer would know that it is a strawberry flavor. And Mr Beans trademark was designed on the striking area of the box. And some necessary information, such as ingredient, shelf life, was added on the package. Labeling Label is used to persuade or inform consumers. For the new boxed ice cream, the label was design to show the difference from Mr Beans existing products. The slogan on the label is designed as Enjoy simple pleasure at home. The background color was designed to be deep brown, a contrast color to slight pink. It can catch consumers attentions and arouse interests on the product. 3.2 Price To make a pricing strategy is very complex. There are too many aspects can affect the decision. There can be 6 steps in the process of setting a price (Kotler Keller 2006). A simplified process was used to set the price for this new product. Step 1: Choosing a pricing objective Pricing objectives can be classified as profit-oriented, sales-oriented and status quo. To the boxed ice cream, status quo pricing objectives are the optimal choice. Firstly, its a convenience product, the price must be competitive. Secondly, to Mr Bean, its new product line in a new market. And its still at the introduction stage. Surviving is the primary task. So, the pricing strategy should meet competitions prices. Step 2: Positioning After deciding to meet competitions prices, the question became to which competitor should be chosen to follow. On the market, there are many kinds of ice cream with different positioning. Analysis Mr Beans existing pricing strategy and the value of boxed ice cream to get the positioning. Then compare with the existing products on the market. Some competitors on the market are listed in the table below: Brand Product/Flavor Net Content Price Haagen-Dazs Mango 1L S$13.90 Haagen-Dazs Strawberry 1L S$14.45 Nestle La Gremeria 1L S$4.80 Weis Sorbet 1L S$9.15 KINGS VCRM SWT CORN 1L Similar PositioningS$3.57 KINGS VCRM R BERRY 1L S$3.57 Walls CRM-PADD RAINBOW 1.5L S$5.00 Walls CRM-CHOCLOLATE 1.5L S$5.00 So, the price of Mr Beans new boxed ice cream should be around S$4.80 per liter. Step 3: Estimating costs and adjusting Cost is an important factor to be considered in the process of setting price. It directly affects the contribution margin. The price should be set with a positive profit. The contribution margin was compared with the target profit, and the price was adjusted to S$4.60, a more competitive price with satisfying profit. 3.3 Promotion The role of promotion can be summarized as DRIP, Differentiation, Remind, Inform and Persuade (Ho 2012). As its in the introduction stage, the main objective should be Inform. Mr Bean is good at promote its product in many different ways. As boxed ice cream is a convenience product at the introduction stage. Combining with Mr Beans methods, the chosen tools are advertising, public relations and sales promotion. Advertising Overall, the purpose of advertising is to increase sales and profit. But it can be subdivided into different communication objectives (Jobber 2004, p.423). As this is the introduction stage of a new product, the communication objective is to create awareness. The following are the tools used: Poster and leaflet Enjoy Simple Pleasure At HomeSince the new segment is to length the time period for consumers to consume Mr Beans products, the main group of the targets is Mr Beans existing customers. Putting up a poster and distributing leaflets around Mr Beans outlets can get a good effect to create awareness. And most of the innovators should be Mr Beans loyal customers. And comparing with many other traditional advertising media, the total cost is very low. Good design of the poster and leaflet also can increase customers interest on boxed ice cream. Internet On the homepage of Mr Beans official website, there is a striking space for the companys star item and new products. This space is big enough to show a detail of product. Put boxed ice cream on the space. The visitor can aware it at first glance. Public Relations Public Relations is a good tool to build up a good image for a company and introduce new products to public. Mr Bean is very good at using this tool. For example, in the last few years, Mr Bean continually worked as a principle sponsor of National Day Parade. Such events are good opportunities for the introduction of boxed ice cream. The remarkable events can help boxed ice cream get awareness effectively. And by using public relations, many new consumers may be attracted.http://www.mrbean.com.sg/cmsresource/Events/NDP%202011/NDP2011_W243.jpghttp://www.mrbean.com.sg/cmsresource/Events/NDP%202011/NDP2011_W7.jpg Sales Promotion After consumers getting the awareness and reason for purchasing on boxed ice cream, sales promotion gives consumers the incentive to buy it. The short-term but obviously effect can help shorten the introduction stage and lead boxed ice cream to the growth stage. In the introduction stage, coupon is a very useful tool. It can stimulate the consumer behavior and increase the sales significantly. Since leaflets are used to advertise boxed ice cream, coupon can be distributed with the leaflets. 3.4 Place A place strategy affects the accessibility of the product to consumers and the profit of the originations in the marketing channel. Mr Bean defines itself as a retailer. Actually, it is also a producer. The company produces all the products by itself. So, the company uses direct channel for consumer products. Without the intermediaries, Mr Bean can get a significant profit from the sales.One of the reasons why does Mr Bean only use direct channel is the feature of the existing product. Most of Mr Beans products are made and sold on the spot. They are with short shelf life and are not convenient to transport and store. So other market channels are not suitable to Mr Bean. The new product, boxed ice cream, doesnt need to be restricted to the existing channel strategy. The new features make it possible to be sold by third parts. But, by considering the stage in product life circle and the capacity of the company, boxed ice cream was decided to launch by the existing channel strategy. As a new product, Mr Bean managed its capacity at low level in the introduction stage. And there are more than 60 Mr Beans outlets in Singapore. Its enough to offer a good accessibility to the consumers. Centralized production mode was selected for the new product. So the outlets didnt need to add any new equipment. Boxed ice cream was sold in all Mr Beans outlets. The channel strategy decision is a temporary one. With the increase of acceptance of the product, Mr Bean will increase its capacity. Other channels are possible to be used to increase the sales. 4 Conclusions After going through many screening and well planned by Mr Bean, the new product, boxed ice cream, came to the market. But whether it is a successful new product or not, is still waiting for the examination by the market.